Leaves opposite, up to 2 1/2 inches long, broadly ovate, pointed at the tip, flattened at the base, upper surface rough to the touch margins coarsely toothed, teeth broad, pointed or rounded. Young twigs nearly square in cross section, covered with short hairs visible under a 10x hand lens. Bark light gray to light brown, tending to flake off. Frequent in brushy places and in woodlands.
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How to Identify: A spreading shrub, much branched from the ground upward, branches sometimes with prickles.Host To: Provides nectar to all butterflies but no one species host plant.Because the larvae feed on milkweeds, the chemicals derived from those plants make adult butterflies extremely distasteful to predators. Males have a small black spot along one vain on the hindwing above while females do not. Nonmigratory populations can be found breeding year-round in areas like Texas and Florida. This means that the monarchs that “return” to the wintering grounds have never been there before and they somehow are able to find these traditional sites by instinct alone. No one individual is likely to make the complete round trip, rather it is done over several generations. The last brood of the summer starts to move south, forming big concentrations at some coastal and lakeside points on their way to central Mexico. Their offspring continues north also pausing to breed, and by summer the next generation has populated most of the continent. In early spring they begin to move north, pausing to breed where they can find milkweeds. Millions of monarchs from eastern and central North America migrate to spend their winters in mountainous forests of central Mexico. General: This is the most famous butterfly in North America and is likely to be seen in any open habitat from southern Canada southward.Host plants: Tropical Butterfly Milkweed, other milkweeds.
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